Writing
Reading
Year 1
- Write clearly demarcated sentences.
- Use ‘and’ to join ideas.
- Use conjunctions to join sentences (e.g. so, but).
- Use standard forms of verbs, e.g. go/went.
- Introduce use of: capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks
- Use capital letters for names and personal pronoun ‘I’.
- Write a sequence of sentences to form a short narrative [as introduction to paragraphs].
- Use correct formation of lower case – finishing in right place.
- Use correct formation of capital letters.
- Use correct formation of digits.
Year 1
- Identify which words appear again and again.
- Recognise and join in with predictable phrases.
- Relate reading to own experiences.
- Re-read if reading does not make sense.
- Re-tell with considerable accuracy.
- Discuss significance of title and events.
- Make predictions on basis of what has been read.
- Make inferences on basis of what is being said and done.
- Read aloud with pace and expression, i.e. pause at full stop; raise voice for question.
- Recognise: capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks, ellipsis
- Know why the writer has used the above punctuation in a text.
- Know difference between fiction and nonfiction texts.
Year 2
- Write different kinds of sentence: statement, question, exclamation, command.
- Use expanded noun phrases to add description and specification.
- Write using subordination (when, if, that, because) and co-ordination (or, and, but).
- Correct and consistent use of present tense & past tense.
- Correct use of verb tenses.
- Write with correct and consistent use of: capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks
- Use commas in a list.
- Use apostrophe to mark omission and singular possession in nouns.
- Write under headings.
- Write lower case letters correct size relative to one another.
- Show evidence of diagonal and horizontal strokes to join handwriting.
Year 2
- Secure with year group phonic expectations.
- Recognise simple recurring literary language.
- Read ahead to help with fluency and expression.
- Comment on plot, setting & characters in familiar & unfamiliar stories.
- Recount main themes and events.
- Comment on structure of the text.
- Use commas, question marks and exclamation marks to vary expression.
- Read aloud with expression and intonation.
- Recognise: commas in lists, apostrophe of omission and possession (singular noun)
- Identify past/present tense and why the writer has used a tense.
- Use content and index to locate information
Year 3
- Use conjunctions (when, so, before, after, while, because).
- Use adverbs (e.g. then, next, soon).
- Use prepositions (e.g. before, after, during, in, because of).
- Experiment with adjectives to create impact.
- Correctly use verbs in 1st, 2nd and 3rd person.
- Use perfect form of verbs to mark relationships of time and cause.
- Use inverted commas to punctuate direct speech.
- Group ideas into basic paragraphs.
- Write under headings and sub-headings.
- Write with increasing legibility, consistency and fluency.
Year 3
- Comment on the way characters relate to one another.
- Know which words are essential in a sentence to retain meaning.
- Draw inferences such as inferring characters’ feelings, thoughts and motives from their actions.
- Recognise how commas are used to give more meaning.
- Recognise inverted commas •
- Recognise: plurals, pronouns and how used, collective nouns, adverbs
- Explain the difference that the precise choice of adjectives and verbs make
Year 4
- Vary sentence structure, using different openers.
- Use adjectival phrases (e.g. biting cold wind).
- Use appropriate choice of noun or pronoun.
- Use fronted adverbials.
- Use apostrophe for plural possession.
- Use a comma after fronted adverbial (e.g. Later that day, I heard bad news.).
- Use commas to mark clauses.
- Use inverted commas and other punctuation to punctuate direct speech.
- Use paragraphs to organised ideas around a theme.
- Use connecting adverbs to link paragraphs.
- Write with increasing legibility, consistency and fluency.
Year 4
- Give a personal point of view on a text.
- Re-explain a text with confidence.
- Justify inferences with evidence, predicting what might happen from details stated or implied.
- Use appropriate voices for characters within a story.
- Recognise apostrophe of possession (plural)
- Identify how sentence type can be changed by altering word order, tenses, adding/deleting words or amending punctuation.
- Explain why a writer has used different sentence types or a particular word order and the effect it has created.
- Skim & scan to locate information and/or answer a question.
Year 5
- Add phrases to make sentences more precise and detailed.
- Use range of sentence openers – judging the impact or effect needed.
- Begin to adapt sentence structure to text type.
- Use pronouns to avoid repetition.
- Indicate degrees of possibility using adverbs (e.g. perhaps, surely) or modal verbs (e.g. might, should, will).
- Use the following to indicate parenthesis: brackets, dashes, comma
- Use commas to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity.
- Link clauses in sentences using a range of subordinating and coordinating conjunctions.
- Use verb phrases to create subtle differences (e.g. she began to run).
- Consistently organise into paragraphs.
- Link ideas across paragraphs using adverbials of time (e.g. later), place (e.g. nearby) and number (e.g. secondly).
- Write legibly, fluently and with increasing speed.
Year 5
- Summarise main points of an argument or discussion within their reading and make up own mind about issue/s.
- Compare between two texts
- Appreciate that people use bias in persuasive writing.
- Appreciate how two people may have a different view on the same event.
- Draw inferences and justify with evidence from the text.
- Vary voice for direct or indirect speech.
- Recognise clauses within sentences.
- Explain how and why a writer has used clauses to add information to a sentence.
- Use more than one source when carrying out research.
- Create a set of notes to summarise what has been read.
Year 6
- Use subordinate clauses to write complex sentences.
- Use passive voice where appropriate.
- Use expanded noun phrases to convey complicated information concisely (e.g. The fact that it was raining meant the end of sports day).
- Use a sentence structure and layout matched to requirements of text type.
- Use semi-colon, colon or dash to mark the boundary between independent clauses.
- Use colon to introduce a list and semi colon within a list.
- Use correct punctuation of bullet points.
- Use hyphens to avoid ambiguity.
- Use full range of punctuation matched to requirements of text type.
- Use wide range of devices to build cohesion within and across paragraphs.
- Use paragraphs to signal change in time, scene, action, mood or person.
- Write legibly, fluently and with increasing speed.
Year 6
- Refer to text to support opinions and predictions.
- Give a view about choice of vocabulary, structure, etc.
- Distinguish between fact and opinion.
- Appreciate how a set of sentences has been arranged to create maximum effect.
- Recognise: complex sentences with more than one subordinate clause, phrases which add detail to sentences
- Explain how a writer has used sentences to create particular effects.
- Skim and scan to aide note-taking